Common Newborn Illnesses and How to Treat Them
Welcoming a newborn into your family is a joyous occasion, but it also comes with its share of concerns and challenges. Newborns are particularly vulnerable to a variety of illnesses due to their developing immune systems.
As a parent, it’s crucial to be aware of common newborn illnesses and know how to address them effectively to ensure your baby’s health and well-being. Here, we discuss several common newborn illnesses and provide guidance on their treatment.
Jaundice
Overview:
- Jaundice is a common condition that affects many newborns, typically appearing within the first few days of life. It occurs when there is an excess of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells, in the baby’s blood.
Symptoms:
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes
Investigations:
- High bilirubin levels detected through blood tests
- Review of stool and urine colour
- Sometimes need for additional blood tests to test blood group and blood count
Treatment:
Most cases of jaundice resolve on their own as the baby’s liver matures and becomes more efficient at processing bilirubin. However, if bilirubin levels are very high there is a risk that the bilirubin can cross into the brain and cause damage, therefore treatment is needed.
Treatment used:
- Phototherapy: Exposure to a special type of light (blue/green light) that changes bilirubin into a non-toxic form which can be removed in urine and stool.
Colic
Overview:
Colic is characterised by prolonged periods of intense crying and fussiness in an otherwise healthy baby. The exact cause of colic is unknown, but it may be related to digestive issues or sensitivity to environmental stimuli.
Symptoms:
- Crying for more than three hours a day, more than three days a week, for three weeks or longer.
- Crying often occurs in the late afternoon or evening.
- Difficulties soothing or settling.
- Going red in the face.
- Bringing knees up or back arching.
- Tummy rumbles or wind.
Treatment:
While there is no specific cure for colic, several strategies may help soothe your baby:
- Specific holding or cuddling positions – lying your baby with tummy across your arm or up over your shoulder
- Sit/hold your baby upright during feeding to stop them swallowing air
- Wind your baby after feeds
- Rocking your baby in Moses basket, crib or pram
- Bathing your baby
- Gentle white noise like the radio/TV in the background to distract them
- Time – colic typically settles by 3-4 months of age
Over the counter colic medicines, cranial osteopathy and milk changes/maternal diet changes if breastfeeding have no scientific evidence base in the treatment of colic. We are aware however that some parents will find benefit with these measures.
Nappy Rash
Overview:
Nappy rash is a common form of inflamed skin that appears as a patchwork of bright red skin on your baby’s bottom. It is often caused by prolonged exposure to a wet or dirty nappy.
Symptoms:
- Red, irritated skin in the nappy area
- Soreness and discomfort
Investigations:
- If there is any question around diagnosis your health professional may send a swab of the area to confirm if Candida is present.
Treatment:
Preventing and treating nappy rash involves:
- Frequent nappy Changes: Keep the nappy area dry and clean by changing nappies often.
- Barrier Creams: Applying barrier creams or ointments to reduce exposure to moisture can help. Apply after every nappy change.
- Air Time: Allowing your baby to go without a nappy for short periods can help the skin heal.
- If not improving seek advice from a health professional as occasionally there can be infection causing nappy rash which needs specialist treatment.
Common Cold
Overview:
Newborns are susceptible to colds, which are caused by viruses and can be more frequent due to their developing immune systems.
Symptoms:
- Runny or blocked nose
- Cough
- Raised temperature
- Sneezing
- More unsettled
- Feeding less
Treatment:
There is no cure for the common cold, but supportive care can help alleviate symptoms:
- Hydration: Ensure your baby is drinking well, may require smaller volumes of milk more regularly. Ensure your baby continues to have wet nappies.
- Nasal Saline Drops and Suction: These can help clear nasal congestion and can be particularly helpful around feed times.
- Cough syrups/humidifiers/vapour rubs have no scientific evidence base and not recommended.
Thrush
Overview:
Thrush is a yeast infection, caused by the Candida fungus. It can affect the mouth causing discomfort during feeding. It can also affect the skin around the bottom (perineum).
Symptoms:
- White patches on the tongue, gums, inside the cheeks and around the buttocks/bottom
- Fussiness during feeding
Treatment:
Treatment for thrush typically involves prescribed antifungal medications
- Antifungal Drops or Gel: Applied directly to the affected areas.
- Sterilising Bottles and Pacifiers: Ensure all feeding equipment is thoroughly cleaned and sterilised to prevent reinfection.
- For breastfeeding mothers – ensuring treatment of any thrush infection affecting the nipples. Regular change of breast pads if used.
Conclusion
Understanding and recognising the signs of common newborn illnesses can help you respond promptly and effectively, ensuring your baby’s comfort and health. While many of these conditions are common and manageable at home, it’s essential to seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen. Always trust your instincts and if in doubt seek medical advice.
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